江戸期のいろは仮名

• 岡田一祐(2013)「江戸期のいろは仮名」『国語国文研究』142, 33–43
• Okada, Kazuhiro (2013) Irohagana in the Edo period. Kokugo kokubun kenkyu [Studies of Japanese Language and Literature] 142, 33–43

要旨

江戸時代，平仮名書きいろは歌手本の字体は固定的であって，「いろは仮名」と呼ばれていた。しかし，すべてのいろは歌手本に現れる字体がすべて同じなのではない。これまで，なにがいろは仮名で，なにがいろは仮名でないか，十分に検討されていなかった。本稿では，手本の字体を見るために，『往来物大系』に現れるすべての平仮名書きいろは歌手本を分析し，稀少字体の量によって典型を守る手本と，典型を守らない手本に二分し，典型を守る手本に現れるものをいろは仮名とした。その結果，従来手本のあいだにゆれが多いみられていた字体の多くが，典型を守らないわずかな手本に集中していることをあきらかにし，いろは仮名がこれまで考えられていたものより安定したものであることを示した。また，このような固定性がいろは歌手本に固有であることを，仮名尽しのひとつを例にして示した。

Abstract

For a long period, in premodern Japan, a pangram was used to learn the minimal requirement for hiragana writing: the Iroha copybook. In the Edo period, the hiragana graphemes appeared in the Iroha copybook had been fixed, and was called Irohagana. However, each grapheme in each copybook is not necessarily the same. Up to now, whether such differences are of Irohagana is not clear. In this article we will examine criteria for Irohagana by an investigation into all copybook in the Great Oraimono Collections (往来物大系, Oraimono Taikei): classification by content of amount of unrepresentative graphemes, into two, representative copybooks and unrepresentative copybooks, and the major graphemes were named Irohagana. As a result, it is found that most of the variations having found in copybooks lean towards unrepresentative ones, and thus Irohagana was a more stable set than believed. We further confirmed that this fixation was peculiar to Iroha copybook by a graphemic variation of another kana pangram.

This article is written in Japanese. The English title and abstract are only provided for informational purpose by the author.